Benzodiazepines, commonly known as benzos, are powerful prescription medications used to treat anxiety, seizure disorders, and insomnia, among other conditions. As central nervous system depressants, they work by slowing brain activity. However, their potential for dependence and misuse can often go unnoticed, even among those who begin using them as prescribed.

What are benzodiazepines?

Benzodiazepines, often called benzos, are a class of medications that slow down activity in the central nervous system, producing a calming effect. They are widely prescribed for conditions such as anxiety, panic disorders, seizures, muscle spasms, and insomnia. In medical settings, they are also used to help manage alcohol withdrawal. These medications work by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation.

Benzodiazepines are classified as Schedule IV controlled substances under the Controlled Substances Act due to their potential for misuse and dependence. According to the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an estimated 14.4 million people aged 12 and older misused prescription psychotherapeutic drugs in the past year. While they can be effective for short-term treatment, their use is typically limited to a few weeks to reduce the risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in tablet form and taken orally, but individuals who misuse them may crush and snort the pills for a faster effect. Their duration of action varies depending on the specific medication, with effects lasting anywhere from a few hours to over 24 hours. Some of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines include:

  • Alprazolam (Xanax)
  • Lorazepam (Ativan)
  • Clonazepam (Klonopin)
  • Diazepam (Valium)
  • Triazolam (Halcion)

How long do the effects of benzodiazepines last?

The effects of benzodiazepines vary depending on the specific prescription medication and how it is taken. Some benzos, such as triazolam, act quickly and have a shorter duration, while others, like diazepam, can remain in the system for over 24 hours. Most benzodiazepines are intended for oral use, but those who misuse them may crush and snort the tablets to achieve faster effects.

Because of their potential for dependence, benzodiazepines are usually prescribed for short-term use. Long-term use can lead to tolerance, meaning higher doses are needed to achieve the same effects, which increases the risk of addiction. Withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, can occur if benzodiazepine use is suddenly stopped, making it important for individuals to seek medical supervision when discontinuing these medications.

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Why are benzos misued?

Despite their medical benefits, benzodiazepines have a high potential for misuse. In 2023, approximately 4.7 million people in the U.S. reported misusing prescription sedatives, including benzodiazepines. Misuse can take several forms, including:

  • Taking someone else’s prescription.
  • Using higher doses than prescribed.
  • Taking benzodiazepines to experience a high.

Some individuals misuse benzodiazepines alongside other substances to enhance their effects. For example, they may take them with opioids or alcohol to increase sedation or use them as “downers” to counteract the effects of stimulants like cocaine. This type of misuse increases the risk of overdose, respiratory depression, and other dangerous side effects. In some cases, benzodiazepines have been used in drug-facilitated crimes, such as sexual assault, due to their sedative properties.

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Signs of benzodiazepine addiction

Diagnosing benzodiazepine use disorder can only be done by a qualified medical professional using specific screening and assessment tools. However, there are signs that someone has developed an addiction to prescribed benzodiazepines. Indiana’s Department of Health provides a list of these signs of drug abuse to keep an eye out for in yourself or a loved one:

  • Having intense cravings to use drugs
  • Needing a higher and higher dose of the drug to get the same effect
  • Spending money on benzos even though you can’t afford it
  • Failing to meet work and home obligations or reducing social activities due to drug use
  • Doing things outside your normal behavior to get more benzos, such as stealing
  • Engaging in risky behaviors during benzo use such as using alcohol or other drugs with it
  • Focusing more and more of your time, money, and energy to benzo use
  • Trying to stop using benzos but not being able to
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop using the substance

Someone with these symptoms may have a substance use disorder. It’s important to remember that a substance use disorder is an illness, not a moral failing, and there is treatment available. Getting proper addiction treatment in Indiana can help you break free from benzo use and build a new life you love. Reach out to our benzodiazepine addiction treatment center by calling (317) 707 9848 now.

Side effects of benzodiazepine addiction and abuse

When you become physically dependent, you have benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop using them. One study listed benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome symptoms such as trouble sleeping, anxiety and panic attacks, sweating and headaches, nausea, and even seizures. Severe withdrawal symptoms can include hallucinations, severe confusion, dangerously high blood pressure, tremors, and life-threatening seizures. In some cases, withdrawal can lead to a condition known as delirium tremens, which causes severe agitation, disorientation, and psychosis. These risks make it especially dangerous to quit benzodiazepines suddenly without medical supervision. Other long-term health side effects of benzodiazepine addiction, especially at high doses, include:

  • Increased anxiety and/or depression
  • Headaches
  • Struggles with memory or concentration
  • A lack of motivation
  • Changes in personality
  • Sleep problems
  • Aggression and irritability
  • Skin rashes
  • Stomach issues
  • Weight gain

Benzodiazepines can lead to life-threatening overdose when misused, especially when they are used in combination with other substances like alcohol, opioids, or other drugs. Signs of an overdose include confusion, dizziness, slurred speech, extreme sleepiness, respiratory depression, and even a loss of consciousness. Narcan does not reverse an overdose of benzodiazepines like it does for opioids.

To avoid these long-term problems, it’s important to get professional help for benzodiazepine use disorder as soon as you can. Fortunately, there is treatment for benzodiazepine addiction at our Indiana rehab that can help you create a new life free of substance use and its related dangers.

Diagnosis and treatment of benzodiazepine addiction

If you or a loved one is struggling with benzodiazepine misuse, talk to a doctor or qualified medical professional. They can assess your situation, diagnose benzodiazepine addiction, and recommend the appropriate benzodiazepine treatment to help you move forward.

Assessments

The first step is to determine if you have a substance use disorder. There are assessments based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) that ask about your drug use, amount, and how long you’ve been using. It will also ask how this substance use is impacting your life. It’s essential to answer these questions honestly to get the care you need.

The next step is determining what treatment level is best for your needs. Your doctor will use a tool like the ASAM Criteria to determine if you should start with an inpatient or residential program or whether an intensive outpatient program would be more appropriate. Your doctor will also determine whether you need to attend a detox program before you start rehab.

Medical detox and managing benzo withdrawal symptoms

Treating benzodiazepine addiction often starts with a benzo detox program because of the withdrawal symptoms that result from stopping the use of benzos. Generally, a benzodiazepine detox program will be an inpatient experience that lasts up to 10 days. You’ll be medically monitored and have 24/7 support available during the withdrawal process.

During medical detoxification, medication assisted treatment (MAT) may be used to help manage withdrawal symptoms. This approach involves FDA-approved prescription drug medications that can ease discomfort from withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of severe complications. The detox program will also include nutritious meals and counseling sessions to support your physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

Residential treatment

Residential rehab, also known as inpatient addiction treatment, allows you to have around-the-clock support in a very structured program. You’ll have individual and group therapy as well as recreational activities, healthy meals, and peer support from others in the program with you.

The residential environment at a drug rehab allows you to focus fully on your recovery from drugs without any distractions from daily life and gives you built-in support groups for the changes you’re making. You’ll create new mindsets and habits that will allow you to make the positive changes needed to create a life full of hope and possibility.

Outpatient treatment programs

After you finish residential treatment, you can step down to an outpatient treatment program. This can also be a starting point for less severe addiction disorders. Outpatient programs give you several hours a week of treatment and support. Outside of treatment, you live at home or in a sober living facility.

The number of treatment hours per week is determined by how intense the program is. A partial hospitalization program (PHP) offers full-day care and can be as intensive as a residential program, except that you go home at night. An intensive outpatient program (IOP) generally offers nine hours of treatment per week spread over three days.

General outpatient care is often part of an aftercare program, which offers additional support to help you maintain long-term recovery after treatment.

Aftercare Support

Even after you finish your full treatment program, it’s important to have ongoing support to maintain your sobriety over the course of your lifetime. Aftercare programs can help you get the support you need.

For example, peer support can match you with someone who has been through what you’re going through. They can support you outside of treatment and connect you to peer support groups, social services, and community resources that can help you with everything from housing to employment.

Ongoing counseling is also an important part of aftercare for most people, especially if there is a mental health disorder that co-occurs with the addiction disorder.

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Mental health and addiction treatment

Mental health concerns play a major role in both addiction diagnosis and treatment. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) defines a co-occurring disorder as the coexistence of both mental health disorders and substance use disorders (SUD).

A thorough mental health assessment, along with a substance use diagnosis, helps identify how these conditions influence each other. Since mental health disorders and substance use often worsen together, treating both at the same time is recommended. An integrated approach improves the chances of lasting recovery by addressing the root causes of the mental illness and substance use disorder as well as providing the right support for long-term addiction recovery.

Therapy and counseling for benzodiazepine addiction

A significant part of overcoming addiction is getting evidence-based counseling during residential and outpatient treatment programs. Most programs include individual and group therapy sessions as well as family counseling. The counseling sessions typically use evidence-based approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and others. Group therapy may also include life skills education and discussions of healthy coping mechanisms. Family therapy sessions can help rebuild relationships damaged by benzo addiction. Family members can be an important part of a sober support system that helps you stay strong if you struggle in the future.

Overcome benzo addiction with our treatment center in Indiana

Struggling with benzo addiction or watching a loved one go through it can be overwhelming, but help is available. Xanax addiction and other forms of benzodiazepine abuse can be treated through comprehensive substance use programs in Indiana. With the right support, including integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders, recovery is possible. Our treatment center works with multiple insurance plans, which may cover some or all of the cost of rehab. Don’t let addiction define your future— contact us today to start your path toward healing. Whether you need help for cocaine addiction treatment, marijuana addiction treatment, or benzodiazepine recovery, we’re here to support you.

We are here to help you or a loved one find addiction treatment near you.

Admitting you have a substance abuse problem and asking for help is not always easy. If you or a loved one are struggling with drug addiction, alcohol addiction or another substance use disorder, help is available. Call SAMHSA’s National Helpline at (317) 707 9848 to learn about resources in your area or reach out to our team for personalized treatment.

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Sources

  1. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2019). Benzodiazepines.
  2. Center for Behavioral Health and Statistics and Quality. (2024). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD.
  3. United States Drug Enforcement Administration. (2020). Drug Fact Sheet: Benzodiazepines.
  4. Longo, L.P. & Johnson, B. (2000). Addiction: Part I. Benzodiazepines – Side effects, abuse risk and alternatives. American Fam Physician 61(7), 2121-2128
  5. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2024). 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
  6. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  7. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2006). Detoxification and substance abuse treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 45. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4131. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
  8. Griffin, C.E., 3rd, Kaye, A.M., Bueno, F.R., & Kaye, A.D. (2013). Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects. The Ochsner Journal, 13(2), 214–223.

About the content

Last updated on: May 08, 2025
Jodi Tarantino (LICSW)

Written by: Carli Simmonds. Carli Simmonds holds a Master of Arts in Community Health Psychology from Northeastern University. From a young age, she witnessed the challenges her community faced with substance abuse, addiction, and mental health challenges, inspiring her dedication to the field.

Jodi Tarantino (LICSW)

Medical reviewed by: Jodi Tarantino, LICSW. Jodi Tarantino is an experienced, licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) and Program Director with over 20 years of experience in Behavioral Healthcare. Also reviewed by the RRR Editorial team.

Red Ribbon Recovery is committed to delivering transparent, up-to-date, and medically accurate information. All content is carefully written and reviewed by experienced professionals to ensure clarity and reliability. During the editorial and medical review process, our team fact-checks information using reputable sources. Our goal is to create content that is informative, easy to understand and helpful to our visitors.

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