Explore alcohol addiction topics
Understanding alcohol addiction
Alcohol addiction, also referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a medical condition in which a person develops a pattern of problematic drinking that leads to significant distress or impairment in daily life. It is more than drinking heavily on occasion—it involves physical changes in the brain and body that make it increasingly difficult to control alcohol consumption. Over time, alcohol can alter brain chemistry, particularly in areas that regulate judgment, decision-making, and impulse control. These changes contribute to compulsive drinking, even when the person is aware of the harm it is causing.
Alcohol addiction is classified on a spectrum from mild to severe based on the number of symptoms present, but even mild forms can progress if left untreated. Untreated AUD can lead to liver disease, heart problems, digestive disorders, neurological damage, depression, anxiety, and an increased risk of accidents or injuries. Like other chronic illnesses, it can be managed and treated effectively, but doing so often requires structured care and long-term support.
What causes alcohol addiction?
Alcohol addiction develops through a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.
- Genetic predisposition. Studies show that genetics account for roughly half of the risk for developing AUD. A family history of alcohol misuse increases susceptibility.
- Environmental influences. Social norms, peer pressure, availability of alcohol, and exposure to heavy drinking in the home can contribute to early and frequent use.
- Mental health conditions. Anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other psychiatric illnesses can increase the risk of turning to alcohol as a coping mechanism.
- Early drinking patterns. Initiating alcohol use at a young age is associated with a higher likelihood of addiction later in life.
- Stress and trauma. Chronic stress, unresolved trauma, and major life disruptions can trigger patterns of heavy drinking that lead to dependence.
No single factor guarantees someone will develop an addiction, but these influences interact in ways that can make alcohol use more difficult to control over time.
How alcohol affects the brain
Alcohol acts primarily on the central nervous system, altering brain function from the very first drink. It enhances the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that slows brain activity, leading to feelings of relaxation and sedation. At the same time, it reduces the activity of glutamate, which normally excites brain cells, resulting in impaired judgment and slower reaction times.
Repeated alcohol use also triggers the brain’s reward system by increasing dopamine release, which reinforces drinking behavior and contributes to cravings. Over time, the brain adapts by reducing its natural dopamine production and altering receptor sensitivity, making it harder to experience pleasure without alcohol.
Long-term heavy drinking can cause structural and functional brain changes, including shrinkage of certain brain regions, disruption of communication between brain cells, and deficits in memory, attention, and problem-solving. These effects can persist well into sobriety, though some improvement is possible with sustained abstinence and healthy lifestyle changes.
Our track record of success
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Success stories
“The medical team at Red Ribbon Recovery Indiana saved my life. Their comprehensive approach addressed not just my drinking, but the underlying depression that fueled it. Two years sober and counting.”
Nicole S.
Completed outpatient program, 2025
“My experience at Red Ribbon Recovery was life changing. The staff truly cares about every person in their facility and is dedicated to helping them overcome addiction. I learned a lot about my alcoholism and was given unique approaches that worked for me.”
Barry R.
Completed outpatient program, 2025
“I tried to quit drinking on my own more times that I can count. The outpatient program and therapy at Red Ribbon Recovery gave me the foundation I needed. The staff really cares about your recovery.”
James T.
Completed outpatient program, 2025
“As a mother, watching my son struggle with alcohol was heartbreaking. Red Ribbon Recovery’s outpatient program gave his what he needed to overcome it and stay clean.”
Michael P.
Completed outpatient program, 2025
Alcohol addiction by the numbers
Understanding the scope and impact of alcohol addiction in the United States
SAMSHA 2025
CDC 2024
CDC 2024
SAMSHA 2025
SAMSHA 2025
SAMSHA 2025
Warning signs & symptoms of alcohol addiction
Alcohol addiction can present in many ways, and the signs often appear gradually. Recognizing them early can be difficult, especially when the changes seem subtle at first. Some common signs of alcohol addiction include:
Physical signs
- Increased tolerance to alcohol
- Withdrawal symptoms when not drinking
- Frequent hangovers or feeling sick
- Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
- Declining physical appearance
- Unexplained injuries or accidents
Behavioral signs
- Drinking alone or in secret
- Inability to limit drinking
- Drinking at inappropriate times
- Neglecting responsibilities
- Continued use despite problems
- Memory gaps or blackouts after drinking
Emotional signs
- Irritability or sudden anger
- Ongoing anxiety or sadness
- Guilt or shame about drinking
- Loss of interest in activities
- Withdrawing from close relationships
- Denial about drinking problems
Social signs
- Increased tolerance to alcohol
- Withdrawal symptoms when not drinking
- Frequent hangovers or feeling sick
- Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
- Unexplained injuries or accidents
- Poor personal hygiene
Evidence-based treatment options
Drug and alcohol detox
Drug and alcohol detox (alcohol rehab indiana), also known as medical detox, is the first step in recovery. It provides medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms safely. This short-term process at an indiana drug rehab center helps individuals stabilize physically and prepare for ongoing substance use disorder treatment.
Inpatient treatment
An inpatient program, also known as residential addiction treatment, is a highly structured, 24/7 program that offers intensive therapy, medical support, and continuous supervision. This level of care is ideal for individuals who need a stable and supportive environment to begin their recovery at our addiction treatment centers indiana.
Day treatment program
Day treatment, also known as a partial hospitalization program, is the highest level of outpatient care, with programming scheduled four to five days a week. Some people start rehab in our day treatment program while others transition after completing inpatient treatment.
Intensive outpatient program
Intensive outpatient treatment meets three to four days a week, offering a combination of group therapy and individual sessions. Specialized programs are available to support diverse needs, including those for LGBTQ+ individuals, men, women and more.
Standard outpatient treatment
Standard outpatient treatment is a flexible option for individuals with mild substance use disorders or those transitioning from higher levels of care. Treatment typically includes scheduled therapy sessions that address addiction triggers, coping strategies, and ongoing challenges in maintaining sobriety.
Dual diagnosis treatment
Dual diagnosis treatment addresses both substance use and mental health disorders, recognizing that treating only one can worsen the other. This program begins with an assessment for an accurate diagnosis, followed by an integrated approach combining therapy, medication management, and supportive care.
Telehealth/virtual treatment
Telehealth provides access to therapy, counseling, and medication management through secure video or phone sessions. This approach makes care more accessible for people who cannot attend in person, offering flexibility while still maintaining professional support for mental health and substance use disorders.
The recovery process
Recovery from alcohol addiction is a gradual and ongoing process. The journey often begins with medical support to manage withdrawal safely, followed by structured therapy to address the underlying reasons for alcohol use. As recovery continues, the focus shifts to restoring health, repairing relationships, and developing sustainable routines that support a life without alcohol.
Relapse can occur, but it should be viewed as a sign that treatment strategies need to be adjusted, not as a failure. Long-term progress is best supported by ongoing therapy, participation in peer groups, and healthy lifestyle habits such as balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and effective stress management. The ultimate goal extends beyond abstinence to the restoration of physical health, emotional stability, and overall quality of life.
Stages of recovery
- Pre-contemplation. The individual does not yet recognize their alcohol use as problematic or is unwilling to consider change.
- Contemplation. Emerging awareness of the adverse effects of alcohol use and consideration of the benefits and challenges of change.
- Preparation. Commitment to change, identification of treatment resources, and formulation of an actionable plan for intervention.
- Action. Active participation in treatment modalities, adoption of coping strategies, and implementation of behavioral changes to support abstinence.
- Maintenance. Ongoing adherence to relapse prevention strategies, reinforcement of adaptive coping skills, and sustained engagement in supportive services to preserve long-term recovery.
Building a strong recovery foundation
- Learning and practicing effective coping skills for stress and triggers
- Building a reliable support system of family, peers, and mentors in recovery
- Addressing and treating co-occurring mental health disorders
- Engaging in meaningful activities such as work, education, or community involvement
- Maintaining physical health through balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and routine medical care
- Participating in ongoing therapy, counseling or support groups as needed
Family support resources
Alcohol addiction affects far more than the person who is drinking. It can place a heavy emotional and financial strain on partners, children, parents, and close friends. Relationships may suffer from broken trust, poor communication, or unresolved conflict. Supporting families is an important part of the recovery process, both for their own well-being and to help their loved one maintain progress in treatment.
Family support options include:
- Al-Anon and Alateen. Peer-led groups where adults and teens can connect with others who have been affected by a loved one’s drinking and share practical ways of coping.
- Family therapy. Guided sessions with a trained therapist to work through communication issues, address conflict, and start rebuilding healthy relationships.
- Educational workshops. Programs that explain how alcohol addiction works, what recovery looks like, and how families can offer the right kind of support.
- Crisis helpline. Free, confidential phone lines that provide immediate help during emotionally difficult or unsafe situations.
- Community-based programs. Local resources that may offer peer mentoring, stress management classes, or skills training for caregivers.
When families have the right information, resources, and emotional support, they are in a much stronger position to encourage healthy boundaries, remain supportive without enabling, and take care of their own needs throughout the recovery journey.
Frequently asked questions
Where can I find alcohol addiction treatment in Indiana?
If you are seeking alcohol addiction treatment in Indiana, you will find a wide range of recovery centers located across the state. Many facilities are situated in major cities such as Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Bloomington, Lafayette, Gary, Muncie, Terre Haute, Elkhart, Kokomo, Richmond, Noblesville, and Carmel. Whether you live in the state’s largest metropolitan areas or smaller communities, treatment options are available to help you or your loved one address alcohol use disorder and begin the path to recovery.
Several alcohol rehab centers in Indiana, including those in Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, and South Bend, may provide transportation for individuals entering inpatient care and, in some cases, for those participating in outpatient services.
Our alcohol treatment facility is accessible for residents of Indiana and surrounding states. Conveniently located near Indiana University and major airports, our center is within driving distance of:
- Indianapolis, Indiana
- Fort Wayne, Indiana
- Evansville, Indiana
- South Bend, Indiana
- Bloomington, Indiana
- Carmel, Indiana
- Lafayette, Indiana
- Terre Haute, Indiana
- Kokomo, Indiana
- Muncie, Indiana
- Elkhart, Indiana
- Greenwood, Indiana
- Anderson, Indiana
- Noblesville, Indiana
- Fishers, Indiana
Our admissions coordinators are available to assist with travel arrangements and answer any questions about entering treatment. For ongoing recovery support, we also encourage participation in local and statewide community resources, including Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other peer-led programs throughout Indiana.
What is the difference between alcohol use disorder and alcoholism?
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the clinical term used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) to describe a problematic pattern of alcohol use that leads to significant impairment or distress. It is diagnosed based on specific criteria, such as inability to control drinking, strong cravings, and continued use despite negative consequences. AUD is classified as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the number of criteria met.
“Alcoholism” is a more general, non-clinical term often used in everyday language to refer to the same condition, particularly severe AUD. While “alcoholism” is widely understood, healthcare providers prefer the term “alcohol use disorder” because it is medically precise and avoids stigma.
How do I know if I or a loved one has alcohol addiction?
Alcohol addiction, clinically referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD), can be identified by a combination of physical, behavioral, emotional, and social changes. Common indicators include:
- Needing more alcohol to achieve the same effect (increased tolerance)
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms such as shaking, sweating, or nausea when not drinking
- Drinking more or for longer periods than intended
- Repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home due to drinking
- Continuing to drink despite health problems, relationship strain, or legal issues
- Spending significant time obtaining, drinking, or recovering from alcohol
- Withdrawing from activities and social events that do not involve alcohol
If you or a loved one show several of these signs, it may be time to seek a professional assessment from a healthcare provider or addiction specialist. Early intervention can improve treatment outcomes and reduce long-term harm.
What are the short-term and long-term health risks of alcohol addiction?
Alcohol addiction affects nearly every organ system in the body, and the risks increase with the amount and duration of use.
Short-term risks
- Impaired judgment leading to accidents, injuries, or risky behaviors
- Alcohol poisoning, which can be life-threatening
- Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
- Blackouts or memory gaps
- Aggression, mood instability, or conflict with others
Long-term risks
- Liver damage, including fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis
- Increased risk of several cancers, such as liver, breast, mouth, throat, and esophagus
- Cardiovascular problems, including high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, and stroke
- Damage to the brain and nervous system, leading to memory loss, poor coordination, and cognitive decline
- Weakened immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections
- Mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, often worsened by continued alcohol use
Chronic alcohol misuse also contributes to social, occupational, and legal problems, compounding the physical health consequences.
Can alcohol withdrawal be dangerous?
Yes. Alcohol withdrawal can be dangerous and, in some cases, life-threatening. When someone who is physically dependent on alcohol suddenly stops or significantly reduces their intake, the brain and nervous system experience a rebound in activity. This can lead to symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
Common withdrawal symptoms
- Anxiety or restlessness
- Tremors or shaking
- Sweating
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Difficulty sleeping
Severe withdrawal symptoms
- Seizures
- Hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)
- Delirium tremens (DTs), a medical emergency characterized by confusion, rapid heartbeat, fever, and high blood pressure
Because of these risks, medical supervision is strongly recommended for individuals undergoing alcohol withdrawal. A healthcare team can monitor vital signs, manage symptoms, and administer medications to prevent complications.
How is alcohol addiction diagnosed?
Alcohol addiction, clinically referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is diagnosed by a qualified healthcare provider using established criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The assessment typically includes:
- Clinical interview. A detailed discussion about drinking habits, patterns, and any related physical, emotional, or social consequences.
- Diagnostic criteria. Evaluating whether the individual meets two or more of the 11 DSM-5 criteria for AUD within a 12-month period. These include signs such as loss of control, cravings, tolerance, withdrawal, and continued use despite harm.
- Physical examination. Identifying any alcohol-related health issues, such as liver disease or neurological changes.
- Laboratory testing. Blood work or other tests to assess organ function, detect alcohol-related damage, or rule out other medical conditions.
- Screening tools. Questionnaires like the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) or CAGE questionnaire may be used to support the diagnosis.
The severity of AUD, mild, moderate, or severe, is determined by the number of criteria met, which guides the treatment plan.
Is medical detox necessary for alcohol addiction?
Medical detox is strongly recommended for individuals with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder, especially if they have been drinking heavily for a prolonged period or have experienced withdrawal symptoms in the past. Alcohol withdrawal can cause serious complications, including seizures and delirium tremens (DTs), which can be life-threatening without medical supervision.
During medical detox, healthcare professionals monitor vital signs, manage symptoms, and may administer medications to reduce discomfort and prevent complications. This process helps stabilize the individual physically and creates a safer transition into the next phase of treatment, such as residential or outpatient rehabilitation.
While not everyone with alcohol addiction will require inpatient detox, any withdrawal process should be guided by a medical professional to ensure safety and reduce health risks.
How long does alcohol addiction treatment usually last?
The length of alcohol addiction treatment varies depending on the severity of the disorder, the type of program, and the individual’s progress in recovery. Some people benefit from short-term interventions lasting a few weeks, while others require several months or longer of structured care.
Typical treatment timelines include:
- Medical detox. 3 to 10 days, depending on withdrawal severity.
- Residential or inpatient rehab. 30, 60, or 90 days, with some programs offering extended stays of six months or more.
- Partial hospitalization or intensive outpatient programs. Several weeks to a few months, with sessions multiple times per week.
- Standard outpatient therapy. Can last several months to years, often as part of ongoing aftercare.
Recovery does not end when formal treatment stops. Many individuals continue with therapy, peer support groups, and relapse prevention planning for years to maintain long-term sobriety.
About the content
Written by: Carli Simmonds. Carli Simmonds holds a Master of Arts in Community Health Psychology from Northeastern University. From a young age, she witnessed the challenges her community faced with substance abuse, addiction, and mental health challenges, inspiring her dedication to the field.
Medical reviewed by: Jodi Tarantino, LICSW. Jodi Tarantino is an experienced, licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) and Program Director with over 20 years of experience in Behavioral Healthcare. Also reviewed by the RRR Editorial team.
Red Ribbon Recovery is committed to delivering transparent, up-to-date, and medically accurate information. All content is carefully written and reviewed by experienced professionals to ensure clarity and reliability. During the editorial and medical review process, our team fact-checks information using reputable sources. Our goal is to create content that is informative, easy to understand and helpful to our visitors.
